Long-term changes in 3D urban form in four Spanish cities
نویسندگان
چکیده
• We characterize the horizontal and vertical patterns of urban development between 1965 2015 in four Spanish areas. find that expansion with lower densities has significantly changed height new buildings. Urbanized volume noticeable increased by roughly 350% during five decades. A clear trend towards is observed city outskirts while city-cores have followed incremental steps densification over time. Three-dimensional form a considerable influence on sustainability, being reason spatial planning regulate it. Yet, we know very little about building density In this study, Barcelona, Madrid, Valencia, Zaragoza 2015. Our analysis based unique combination cadastral data LiDAR point clouds, which use to footprint, height, volume, at decadal intervals. Subsequently, processes using Urban Form Types. buildings shows significant downward 70′s for areas decreasing after 2008 real estate bubble cases Barcelona Valencia. Over analyzed period decrease 116, 313, 217 157 cm average was Zaragoza, respectively. all cities together expanded 1950 Sparse built-up showed largest absolute increase, although it contains only low fraction volume. clusters municipalities closer main city. At same time, settlements This study provides first step comprehensive understanding long-term changes 3D form, can inform policies target third dimension steer sustainable growth.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Landscape and Urban Planning
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['1872-6062', '0169-2046']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104624